Running a classic Mac Pro today may mean using workarounds.
Operating system compatibility is a primary concern for classic Mac Pro users. The 1,1 and 2,1 models cannot run the latest macOS versions, while newer models require specific techniques to access modern operating systems. This limitation stems partly from Apple’s transition from OpenGL/OpenCL to Metal as its graphics API, which dropped support for many older GPUs.
To run macOS Mojave or above, users typically need to replace their GPU. However, most modern GPUs lack support for the pre-boot screen, meaning no display output until the OS loads full graphics drivers. Apple’s ongoing dispute with NVIDIA has effectively limited macOS GPU options to AMD-only cards.
Power consumption is another hurdle, as some high-end GPUs draw more power than the Mac Pro’s PCIe power leads can provide, necessitating modifications to the power supply pin-outs. Additionally, GPU drivers are tied to specific OS releases, so using a newer GPU like the 5700 XT is only possible in macOS 10.15 or later.
OpenCore has emerged as a popular solution for running the latest macOS versions on classic Mac Pros. This bootloader minimizes workarounds and enables the boot screen by loading correct pre-boot drivers. When paired with tweaks like SurPlus, OpenCore can even enable support for macOS 11.3 and above. SurPlus is a patch set that allows Big Sur and newer versions of macOS to run on officially unsupported Macs, including classic Mac Pros.
Regarding storage, the 4,1 and 5,1 Mac Pro models offer native NVMe support but require a firmware update to enable this feature. However, PCIe bus limitations mean that achieving full NVMe speeds requires expensive M.2 hosts with special chipsets. The older PCIe generations in these Mac Pros can’t fully utilize the bandwidth of modern NVMe drives, resulting in speed caps.
For those interested in running Windows, the Mac Pro can handle Windows 10, but the installation process differs depending on whether you’re using OpenCore or not. The Mac Pro 1,1 can even run Windows 10 with the right approach. These two different installation methods cater to users with varying levels of modification to their systems.
Wireless connectivity is another area where upgrades may be necessary. Depending on the Wi-Fi chipset in your Mac Pro, you may need to upgrade to maintain support in the latest operating systems.
Embarking on the journey of updating and maintaining a classic Mac Pro is akin to taking a crash course in both macOS/OS X’s underpinnings and modular computing. It’s a path that can transform a casual user into a power user, providing invaluable insights into the intricacies of Apple’s hardware and software ecosystem.
However, it’s important to note that this path is not for everyone. For users seeking a more straightforward experience, a used 27-inch iMac from 2014 or later might be a better option. These machines offer robust performance, can be found at reasonable prices, and run the latest macOS versions without the need for upgrades or workarounds.
The path of updating and maintaining a Mac Pro offers a deep dive into macOS internals and modular computing. It’s not for everyone – those seeking a painless experience might prefer a used 27-inch iMac from 2014 or later. But for power users or those aspiring to be, the classic Mac Pro remains a rewarding playground for customization and learning.
